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Carol Dweck
Praising intelligence isn’t kind—it’s a trap that makes people avoid hard work.
Learning
How knowledge is acquired, and why so little teaching reflects it.
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- in science
- 9:25
- average
- 28 min
- in total
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Edward Thorndike
Thorndike didn’t discover how animals learn—he proved how they don’t.
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Jean Piaget
Piaget didn’t discover how children think—he discovered that we’d been misreading their wrong answers all along.
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Abdus Salam
Salam didn’t discover a particle — he built the grammar that lets physicists speak about weak and electromagnetic forces as one thing.
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Abraham Maslow
Maslow didn’t measure self-actualisation—he curated it from heroes he admired.
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Ada Lovelace
Lovelace didn’t write code — she wrote the first argument for what code could mean.
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Al-Khwarizmi
He didn’t invent algebra—he founded it as a discipline with rules, not rhetoric.