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Directing

The job that gets the credit, whatever the division of labour.

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Monoclonal antibody

Georges Köhler and César Milstein

The 1975 hybridoma technique solved one problem: how to make unlimited quantities of identical antibodies targeting a known antigen. It did not solve delivery, safety, scalability, or therapeutic function. Its value lies in reproducibility — not potency, not novelty of target, not clinical impact.

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